Martin Kern
http://icscc.fudan.edu.cn/en/index.php?c=zzjg&a=show&id=42

early china
http://www.dartmouth.edu/~earlychina/research-resources/databases/

Database of Early Chinese Manuscripts (by Enno Giele, 2001)
Database of Early Chinese Manuscripts
By Enno Giele (Copyright, 2001)
Last update: 09.01.2000
The Database of Early Chinese Manuscripts consists of two HTML files, one a list of 158 SITES that have yielded manuscript materials, the other a list of 287 MANUSCRIPTS (mss.htm). When you enter the database, you will first see SITES. Clicking on a serial number in SITES will bring you to the manuscript(s) associated with that site in MANUSCRIPTS. All manuscripts from a given site bear the same serial number as the site itself. Clicking on a serial number in MANUSCRIPTS will take you back to the corresponding site in SITES.
Both files are searchable using the “Find” tool in the “Edit” menu of your browser.


Matthias L. Richter
http://www.colorado.edu/ealc/matthiasrichter/links.html

enno geile
http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/23354188?uid=3738936&uid=2&uid=4&sid=21103082552657



http://www.international.ucla.edu/calendar/showevent.asp?eventid=7145
Ancient Chinese Checkpoints and How They Possibly Worked

A talk by ENNO GIELE (University of Arizona)

Monday, May 11, 2009
4:00 PM - 5:30 PM
10383 Bunche Hall
UCLA
Los Angeles, CA United States
Pre-imperial ancient Chinese states as well as the unified empire since the late 3rd c. BCE used a very elaborate system of traffic control through a series of major checkpoints or guan and jin—often translated as "passes" and "fords." The intent was not only to prevent the enemy across the border from gaining any weapons or weapons-grade material, like large quantities of metal or horses, but also to control the movement of people, in order to prevent both the loss of taxpayers (or reproductive members of society) and the evasion of fugitives from the law. Integral to this system was the use of documents, mostly written on wood, that have been described as passports or visas (zhuan) and tallies (fu), among others. The common explanation on the basis of a few definitions in traditional sources for how these documents worked is that these were carried by the traveler to the checkpoint and if the record or the two halves of a tally matched, he was granted passage. This, however, is an unsatisfactory explanation. What exactly was written on a passport or a tally? Who wrote them? Who issued them? For how long? Under what circumstances? How exactly were tallies divided and later rematched? What happened to these travel documents after passage was granted? How easy would it have been to fake them? Not in every case will it be possible to answer these and other more concrete questions in detail. But thanks to a considerable amount of manuscript sources, including genuine passports and tallies, that have been excavated from original border areas, much more can be known today than some decades ago. The rest can be at least approached by more of logic than has been hitherto applied.